Fluidoterapia y electrolitos parenterales en pediatría
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https://doi.org/10.47464/MetroCiencia/vol28/4/2020/4-15Palabras clave:
Pediatría, fluidoterapia, electrolítos, deshidratación, superficie corporal, soluciones, hipernatremia, hiponatremiaResumen
La administración de líquidos y electrolitos parenterales es una terapia fundamental de soporte en niños agudamente enfermos si la vía oral no permite la administración de la cantidad o composición requeridas de fluidos, por ejemplo en enfermedades de tipo gastrointestinal, respiratorio, neurológico, o en el período transoperatorio. Al momento de planificar la administración de líquidos y electrolitos parenterales en niños a partir del mes de edad, se debe considerar componentes relacionados con la cantidad de líquidos a infundir considerando los requerimientos secundarios a pérdidas hídricas habituales o requerimientos para reacciones metabólicas, evaluar el grado de deshidratación para la administración de líquidos que complementen el déficit, corregir las pérdidas que se han producido secundarios a una noxa externa (enfermedad, procedimiento quirúrgico, trauma, etc.) y finalmente aportar la cantidad adecuada de fluido que permita re-establecer la perfusión tisular. Es necesario conocer los cambios instaurados basados en la evidencia actual con la finalidad de incorporar a el manejo frecuente de los pacientes considerando también la toxicidad ya sean cualitativos o cuantitativos de esta terapéutica tan necesaria en el manejo del paciente pediátrico.
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Derechos de autor 2020 Santiago Campos Miño, Mónica Moreno Castro
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
