Tiempo de estancia en unidad de cuidados intensivos y características de los pacientes con COVID-19: un estudio retrospectivo observacional unicéntrico en el Hospital Metropolitano, Quito, Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47464/MetroCiencia/vol30/1/2022/49-60Keywords:
coronavirus; covid-19; intensive care unit; mortality; EcuadorAbstract
Introducción: La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ha sido identificada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como una pandemia global. Objetivos: Describir datos de casos de hospitalización por COVID-19 desde marzo de 2020 hasta enero de 2021 en el Hospital Metropolitano de Quito, Ecuador. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo realizado que incluyó a 515 sujetos adultos con diagnóstico de COVID-19. Resultados: Se incluyeron 332 hombres y 183 mujeres. Del total, 91 pacientes ingresaron en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y la duración media (± DE) de la estancia en la UCI fue de 13,5 ± 8,2 días y la duración media (± DE) de la estancia hospitalaria fue de 5,9 (± 3,3) días. En el período analizado, se observaron 37 muertes intrahospitalarias (7,2% del total de pacientes). Treinta y cuatro por ciento de los pacientes que ingresaron en la UCI habían fallecido al final de este estudio y los que fallecieron tenían una edad media más alta en comparación con los sobrevivientes (65,6 ± 13,4 vs 56,3 ± 16,1, P = 0,000). Las comorbilidades más prevalentes fueron hipertensión, hipotiroidismo y diabetes. Entre los pacientes ingresados (supervivientes y no supervivientes) hubo diferencias significativas en el recuento de neutrófilos, niveles de dímero D, creatinina, glucosa, IL6, triglicéridos (TGL), lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH), troponina, sodio y potasio. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron disnea, fiebre y tos. Conclusiones: Los pacientes ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos tenían mayor tiempo de estancia que el resto, eran de mayor edad y con menor nivel de saturación de oxígeno. Los parámetros de laboratorio fueron significativamente más altos en los pacientes que fallecieron. El recuento anormal de neutrófilos y LDH, así como la edad, fueron factores de riesgo de mortalidad en estos pacientes.
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