Agallas de plantas: Potencial bioactivo en enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, una revisión narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47464/MetroCiencia/vol34/3/2026/60-78Palabras clave:
Productos naturales, agallas de plantas, Inflamación, estrés oxidativo, sarcopenia, enfermedades crónicas no transmisiblesResumen
Introducción: Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) son las principales causas de morbi-mortalidad. La obesidad y sus patologías asociadas comparten alteraciones fisiopatológicas como alteraciones de la microbiota intestinal, la inflamación crónica, el estrés oxidativo, y la sarcopenia. El costo social y económico del control de estas enfermedades es alto, por lo que es necesario investigar tratamientos nuevos. Estudios recientes han demostrado que las agallas, formaciones anormales en tejidos de plantas generadas por la interacción con organismos externos como los insectos, poseen altas concentraciones de compuestos fitoquímicos con la capacidad de modular la inflamación, el estrés oxidativo, la sarcopenia presentes en las ECNT. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en los repositorios PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar, considerando estudios publicados en los últimos 10 años. Se seleccionaron investigaciones que evalúan las propiedades de agallas y sus metabolitos en modelos in vitro, in vivo o in silico, con énfasis en su potencial trófico muscular, antiinflamatorio y antioxidante. Resultados: Los estudios indicaron que los extractos de agallas contienen flavonoides y fenoles con capacidad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria, inhibiendo enzimas como α-glucosidasa y enzima fosfodiesterasa 1, mejorando perfiles glucémicos y lipídicos en modelos animales y celulares. Además, evidenció efectos en la reducción de adiposidad y protección contra el estrés oxidativo, asociados a mejoras en función muscular y menor inflamación sistémica. Conclusiones: Las agallas representan una fuente prometedora de compuestos bioactivos para la prevención y el tratamiento de ECNT. Es necesario realizar más investigaciones pre-clínicas y clínicas para validar su seguridad y eficacia.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Erika Sánchez, Francis Mosquera, Marcela Vaca, Estefanía Narváez, Manuel E. Baldeon
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
