Primary renal pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma: Case report and literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Renal leiomyosarcoma is a rare disease, it constitutes 0,12% of malignant renal tumors, the renal mass is identified by imaging studies, but the diagnosis is given by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The standard treatment is radical nephrectomy and the role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is not yet well defined. Objective: To provide updated information on the diagnosis and treatment of primary renal pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma. Materials and methods: Case report and bibliographic review study of 10 scientific articles found in the Medline, Scielo and PubMed databases. The search criteria used consisted of terms: Renal leiomyosarcoma, mesenchymatous tumor, renal tumor Case report: 34-year-old patient with low back pain, which in imaging studies shows a left renal mass, a radical nephrectomy is performed. The histopathological study reported pleomorphic renal leiomyosarcoma. Results: Simple and contrasted uro-tomography is the specific diagnostic method for the detection of renal masses; histopathology and immunohistochemistry provide information on the tumor lineage. Conclusions: Renal leiomyosarcoma is a rare and aggressive renal tumor, its first-line treatment is radical nephrectomy; it is a tumor with a high risk of local and distant recurrence, it is considered a chemo-sensitive tumor, thus chemotherapy is considered an optional therapy.